Such freedom as Ludwik Chlopicki finally found in America came at a very high price; loss of money, lands, family, friends and native country to which he dared not return for even a visit. A monument was laced at his unmarked grave in Evergreen Cemetery in 1952 by the El Paso Kiwanis Club giving a brief outline of the record of this

chapter. This epitaph has a closing line that Americans should never forget.

"FREEDOM IS NOT FREE."

 

REFERENCES AND NOTES

1. Arthur L. Waldo of Phoenix, Arizona, writer of Polish histories, and Sabina P. Logisz, of the Polish Roman Catholic Union in Chicago, state that the Polish pronunciation of this proper name would sound something like "Loodvik Hlup-PEETZ-kee."

2. Diary of the elder William Ostler, describing the nonexistence of El Paso in 1855. The diary was published in part in the El Paso Journal book of early 1896.

3. The buildings are thus shown in the 1869 hand drawn aerial picture as used in the El Paso Journal Supplement of June 21, 1934.

4. Cobden (1804-1865) and Sir Lawrence Heyworth were both interested in the Illinois Central and both had towns named for them. Cobden was responsible for Britain abolishing her corn laws in 1846 and her newspaper stamp tax in 1855, which he called a tax on knowledge. He advocated free trade for England, and was one of her statesmen who defended the Union side in the Civil War. He opposed war in general, and became unpopular because he fought policies which led to the Crimean War.

Cobden was elected to Parliament, once while he was absent on the 1857 trip to America, and upon his return to England he declined a seat in the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. He completed an important treaty of commerce with France in 1860, representing Her Majesty, Queen Victoria. He was one of the most important men in England in his day.

5. The Cobden diary section pertaining to his local visit was sent to me by W. H. G. Armytage, historical writer of Sheffield University's faculty, and a British Broadcasting commentator. Although we were not acquainted, Armytage was a fellow member with this writer in the Fifth Army in Italy under General Mark W. Clark. He had the diary photographed in the British Museum in London and supplied the photostats, one of which is reproduced.

6. Also quoted in Main Line of Mid-America, by Carlton J. Corliss, Creative Age Press, 1950, on p. 96.

7. No doubt Jesse Slater (1839-1917) who was then a nineteen year old worker around the freight depot, whom Cobden first met March 23, 1859. Slater is buried in Evergreen Cemetery.

8. We regret Cobden mentions no names of the farmers he visited. They were no doubt Englishmen, from whom he could take a report back to England. We know the following were on "English Lane" that year: John, James, Henry and the Rev. William North; the older William Ostler and Edwin Tipler Sr. To the north, over in Panola Township, Henry Kingdon had his cabin where Alfred Kingdon lives today. His neighbors were the Hodges, Guards, and John and James Blackmore, all from England.

  1. McClellan became a vice president of the Illinois Central, but went on to Ohio with another railroad before the war broke out. He states he had known Lincoln in their days on the Central. Historians rate the general

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